PMC

(a) Single or multiple monocuspid teeth are attached to trabecular bony plates (asterisk) located on a branchial arch (BA). Arrow: Gill filament. Cleared and stained (Alizarin red S, alcian blue 8 GX) specimen. (b) Bony plate (asterisk) with single attached tooth and cup-like notch (+) on a branchial arch (BA) where a tooth-bearing bony plate has been lost. Unstained, macerated specimen. (c) and (d) SEM-BSE images of single (c) or multiple (d) monocuspid teeth attached to bony plates (asterisks) with trabecular architecture. Note ring-like seams at the attachment sites of the teeth on the bony plates. The bony plates are fixed by collagen fibers to the branchial arches (BA).

Additional plates are located above the main row of lateral plates, behind the head as exemplified from a TH-0.5 fish of marine form (fully plated phenotype, right side), age 101 dpf, TL = 34.7 mm (alizarin red S stained). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Augmentation in the third quadrant with autogenous bone plates and autogenous bone chips using the shell technique. A, horizontal and vertical defect in the third quadrant after flap elevation. B, buccal and lingual autologous bone plates fixed with microscrews utilizing the shell technique. C, bony envelope filled with autologous bone chips collected during thinning process of the bone plates

Measurement landmarks. Axial scans (A) were measured from bony lateral nasal wall to bony lateral nasal wall at the level of the pyriform aperture (PA), the choana, and at points 50% and 75% posteriorly between these two landmarks. An additional measurement on axial scan was obtained between the medial pterygoid plates. On coronal views, measurements were obtained from bony lateral nasal wall to bony lateral nasal wall at the pyriform aperture (not shown), just posterior to the lacrimal duct (B), and at the last molar (C).